Medical Laboratory Science Program

MLS 3110. Clinical Chemistry I Laboratory.

This course provides laboratory instruction in fundamental clinical chemistry procedures, emphasizing the performance, evaluation, and interpretation of analytical tests used in routine diagnostic settings. Students perform assays related to acid–base balance, electrolytes, glucose metabolism, proteins, enzymes, and organ‑specific markers, with attention to proper specimen handling and preparation. Emphasis is placed on instrument operation, reagent performance, quality control interpretation, and recognition of analytical variables that influence test accuracy. Students evaluate laboratory data, verify results, and correlate findings with expected physiological and pathological patterns. The course builds essential laboratory competencies required for advancement in clinical chemistry and successful performance in clinical laboratory practice. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3111. Medical Laboratory Science Review.

This course provides a comprehensive review of foundational concepts in Medical Laboratory Science to reinforce knowledge acquired during the first two semesters of the program. Students examine entry‑level theory and diagnostic principles across clinical chemistry, immunology, hematology, coagulation, urinalysis, parasitology, and quality control. Emphasis is placed on integrating information from multiple disciplines, evaluating laboratory data, and strengthening analytical reasoning skills essential for professional practice. Content supports students in synthesizing key concepts, reviewing critical terminology, and reinforcing understanding of laboratory procedures and diagnostic patterns. The course prepares learners for continued progression in the MLS curriculum and supports readiness for the national certification examination.

MLS 3112. Clinical Hematology and Hemostasis I Laboratory.

This course examines the laboratory techniques and analytical procedures used in clinical hematology and hemostasis. Students perform manual and automated tests to assess blood cell morphology, quantitative parameters, and coagulation function while learning the principles underlying each method. Emphasis is placed on instrument operation, slide preparation, staining procedures, and evaluation of technical factors that influence test performance. Students review quality control data, troubleshoot sources of analytical error, and interpret laboratory findings in relation to expected normal and abnormal patterns. The course provides the foundational laboratory experience necessary to support accurate diagnostic evaluation and reinforces critical competencies required in professional hematology and coagulation testing. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3304. Foundations of Medical Laboratory Techniques.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to foundational principles, terminology, and professional concepts in medical laboratory science. Students examine the major laboratory disciplines, including hematology, clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunohematology, immunology, urinalysis, and molecular diagnostics, and explore the purpose and clinical relevance of common diagnostic tests performed in each area. Emphasis is placed on understanding laboratory workflow, specimen considerations, and factors that affect the accuracy of diagnostic results. Content supports the development of scientific literacy and provides a conceptual framework that prepares students for further study in healthcare and related disciplines. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3305. Introduction to Medical Laboratory Techniques.

This course introduces MLS majors to the foundational concepts, terminology, and scope of practice within the medical laboratory profession. Students examine the major laboratory disciplines, including hematology, clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunohematology, immunology, urinalysis, and molecular diagnostics, with emphasis on the principles underlying common procedures and analytical methods used in each area. Content includes exploration of laboratory workflow, specimen variables, and factors that influence preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical accuracy. Students also gain experience with basic laboratory skills, including microscopy, pipetting, and spectrophotometric measurements. The course provides an essential foundation for advanced MLS coursework and supports understanding of the laboratory’s role in patient care. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3309. Foundations of Clinical Chemistry I.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to fundamental concepts in clinical chemistry, emphasizing the physiological and diagnostic significance of commonly measured analytes. Students explore the principles underlying acid–base balance, electrolytes, glucose metabolism, proteins, enzymes, and organ‑specific markers associated with liver, kidney, and cardiac function. Content includes introductory concepts in instrumentation, analytical methods, and factors that influence the interpretation of chemistry results in healthcare settings. Emphasis is placed on understanding how routine clinical chemistry findings contribute to patient assessment and medical decision‑making. The course provides scientific literacy that supports preparation for careers in allied health, biological sciences, or related fields. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3310. Clinical Chemistry I.

This course introduces MLS majors to core concepts and analytical principles in clinical chemistry, emphasizing quality control, instrumentation, and commonly used analytical methods. Students study the biochemical basis and clinical significance of major test categories, including acid–base balance; electrolytes; glucose metabolism and related disorders; proteins and electrophoresis; enzymes; and organ‑specific markers associated with liver, kidney, and cardiac function. Content includes interpreting reference intervals, recognizing analytical variables that affect test accuracy, and evaluating chemistry results in relation to physiological and pathological processes. The course provides essential theoretical preparation for advanced clinical chemistry coursework and reliable performance in clinical laboratory practice. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3311. Foundations of Clinical Hematology and Hemostasis I.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to foundational concepts in clinical hematology and hemostasis, emphasizing basic principles, cellular morphology, and the physiologic processes underlying blood formation and coagulation. Students examine common laboratory methods used to evaluate hematologic and hemostatic function and analyze factors that influence the interpretation of routine test results. The course provides an overview of conditions associated with abnormalities in blood cells and coagulation pathways to support understanding of diagnostic findings encountered in healthcare settings. Content is designed to strengthen scientific literacy and prepare non‑MLS students to interpret laboratory information relevant to patient assessment. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grades of "C" or better.

MLS 3312. Clinical Hematology and Hemostasis I.

This course explores core concepts in clinical hematology and hemostasis, including erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet development and the biochemical processes underlying coagulation. Students evaluate laboratory procedures used to assess cellular morphology and hemostatic function and analyze variables that affect the accuracy and reliability of hematologic testing. The content emphasizes interpreting laboratory findings in relation to physiologic and disease states to strengthen understanding of diagnostic significance. Mastery of these concepts provides a foundation for recognizing testing limitations, comparing analytical approaches, and understanding how hematology and hemostasis contribute to clinical decision‑making in healthcare settings. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3320. Foundations of Clinical Immunology.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to foundational principles of clinical immunology, emphasizing the basic mechanisms of immune system function and the clinical relevance of immune responses in health and disease. Students explore the roles of antigens, antibodies, immune cells, and the complement system, and examine how immune reactions contribute to infectious, inflammatory, allergic, and other immune‑related conditions. Content includes an overview of commonly used immunologic tests and the purpose of immunologic evaluation in healthcare settings. The course provides a conceptual understanding of immunity to support further study in allied health, biology, and related disciplines. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3322. Foundations of Medical Microscopy and Analysis of Body Fluids.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to fundamental concepts related to the formation, composition, and clinical relevance of body fluids found in different anatomical compartments. Students explore the physiological basis of urine, cerebrospinal fluid, serous fluids, and synovial fluids, emphasizing their normal characteristics and common changes associated with disease processes. Content includes the purpose of routine physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluations and the types of findings typically encountered in healthcare settings. The course strengthens scientific literacy by providing a conceptual understanding of how body fluid analysis contributes to patient assessment and clinical decision‑making. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3323. Medical Microscopy and Analysis of Body Fluids.

This course examines the formation, composition, and diagnostic significance of body fluids located in various anatomical compartments, including urine, cerebrospinal fluid, serous fluids, and synovial fluids. Students analyze physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of these fluids and evaluate changes associated with physiologic and pathologic conditions. Emphasis is placed on identifying formed elements, interpreting chemical constituents, and understanding the clinical relevance of abnormal findings. Content integrates foundational concepts of fluid physiology with analytical approaches used in diagnostic testing. The course provides essential preparation for evaluating body fluid specimens in clinical laboratory practice and supports advanced study in related MLS disciplines.

MLS 3324. Clinical Immunology.

This course provides an in‑depth study of the theoretical and analytical principles of clinical immunology, integrating the scientific basis of immune responses with laboratory methods used in diagnostic testing. Students examine innate and adaptive immunity, antigen–antibody interactions, the complement system, and mechanisms associated with hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, infectious processes, and tumor immunology. Emphasis is placed on evaluating serologic, electrophoretic, and molecular techniques for detecting immune reactions and interpreting immunologic findings. Content supports correlation of laboratory results with underlying immunologic mechanisms and prepares students for advanced analysis of immune‑mediated and infectious conditions in medical laboratory practice.

MLS 3325. Foundations of Medical Parasitology.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to fundamental concepts in human parasitology, emphasizing the biology, morphology, and clinical relevance of medically important parasites. Students examine the distinguishing characteristics of protozoa, helminths, and arthropods and explore basic principles of transmission, epidemiology, and host–parasite interactions. Content includes recognition of diagnostic stages, interpretation of routine parasitologic findings, and an overview of conditions commonly associated with parasitic infections. The course provides a conceptual framework that supports understanding of parasitic diseases encountered in healthcare and public health settings and strengthens students' scientific literacy in allied health and related fields. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 3326. Medical Parasitology.

This course provides an in‑depth study of medically important parasites affecting humans, integrating lecture content with laboratory identification of protozoa, helminths, and arthropods. Students examine parasite morphology, epidemiology, transmission, host interactions, and pathogenesis while evaluating diagnostic techniques used in clinical practice. Emphasis is placed on recognizing diagnostic and infective stages, interpreting findings from stool, blood, and other clinical specimens, and understanding the clinical relevance of parasitic diseases. Laboratory activities reinforce identification skills and support analysis of parasitic structures, life cycles, and case‑based diagnostic patterns. The course builds foundational competencies required for accurate detection and evaluation of parasites in medical laboratory settings.

MLS 4120. Diagnostic Microbiology I Lab.

This course provides laboratory instruction in the identification and evaluation of clinically significant bacteria encountered in diagnostic microbiology. Students perform cultural, staining, and biochemical procedures to isolate, differentiate, and characterize bacteria from clinical specimens. Emphasis is placed on assessing specimen quality, distinguishing normal flora from potential pathogens, and verifying biochemical and molecular test results used in bacterial identification. Students evaluate colony morphology, hemolysis patterns, Gram stain reactions, and key biochemical profiles, and correlate laboratory findings with expected diagnostic outcomes. The course strengthens foundational bacteriology skills required for accurate identification of organisms in clinical laboratory practice and supports advanced study in clinical microbiology. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 and [BIO 2400 or BIO 2440] all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4121. Directed Study in Medical Laboratory Science.

This course provides an introductory directed study experience focused on a narrowly defined topic or problem within Medical Laboratory Science. Students engage in guided reading and structured review of scientific concepts relevant to the selected subject area. Emphasis is placed on understanding foundational principles, examining basic scientific literature, and applying introductory analytical reasoning to discipline‑specific questions. Content varies by semester based on faculty guidance and student interest. The course supports entry‑level exploration of MLS topics and may be repeated for credit when topics vary.

MLS 4160. Immunohematology Lab.

This course provides hands‑on laboratory experience in immunohematology, emphasizing the performance, evaluation, and interpretation of serologic procedures used in transfusion medicine. Students perform blood typing, antibody screening, antibody identification, and compatibility testing using manual and automated methods appropriate to a clinical blood bank. Emphasis is placed on assessing reagent performance, evaluating quality control data, troubleshooting unexpected serologic reactions, and verifying results prior to transfusion decisions. The course reinforces the principles of donor testing, component selection, and serologic evaluation of conditions associated with transfusion practice. Content builds the practical skills required for safe blood bank operations and advanced clinical laboratory applications. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4177A. Community Health Education through Laboratory Science.

This course examines community health concepts relevant to medical laboratory science within an international context. Students study the application of laboratory services in population‑based health initiatives, with attention to how diagnostic testing supports disease monitoring, screening, and the implementation of public health programs. Content includes foundational principles of community health education, development of laboratory‑based outreach activities, and consideration of factors that influence health‑related practices in different settings. Emphasis is placed on applying laboratory knowledge to community‑level educational projects conducted during study abroad experiences. The course supports an understanding of how medical laboratory professionals contribute to public health efforts in varied settings.

MLS 4221. Directed Study in Medical Laboratory Science.

This course provides an intermediate directed study experience in which students investigate a selected topic or problem within Medical Laboratory Science. Students examine scientific concepts in greater depth, analyze relevant literature, and apply theoretical foundations to interpret discipline‑specific issues. Emphasis is placed on integrating information from multiple sources, developing analytical reasoning, and expanding the scope of inquiry beyond basic review. Content varies by semester based on faculty guidance and student interest. The course supports sustained investigation of MLS topics and may be repeated for credit when topics vary.

MLS 4225. Laboratory Management & Supervision.

This course provides an in‑depth study of management and supervisory principles applicable to clinical laboratory operations. Students examine organizational structure, leadership approaches, personnel supervision, workflow coordination, and regulatory considerations that influence laboratory performance. Content includes human resource processes, financial management concepts, quality management principles, accreditation standards, and safety program essentials. Emphasis is placed on effective professional conduct, workplace communication, and evaluation of laboratory procedures within the context of operational decision‑making. The course prepares students to understand the managerial responsibilities of medical laboratory professionals and supports the development of skills necessary for leadership roles in clinical laboratory practice.

MLS 4241. Molecular Diagnostics.

This course introduces the principles, methodologies, and clinical applications of molecular diagnostic testing used in clinical laboratories. Students examine nucleic acid structure and function, amplification strategies, and detection methods used to identify infectious agents, inherited conditions, and molecular markers associated with cancer. Emphasis is placed on nucleic acid extraction, purification, quantification, and amplification, as well as evaluation of analytical variables that influence test accuracy. Content includes interpretation of molecular results and approaches to troubleshooting common issues encountered in molecular procedures. The course provides foundational preparation for performing and interpreting molecular diagnostic techniques in clinical laboratory practice.

MLS 4317. Foundations of Clinical Hematology and Hemostasis II.

This course provides an in‑depth study of advanced concepts in hematology and hemostasis for non‑MLS majors, emphasizing complex cellular abnormalities, quantitative blood disorders, and the physiologic mechanisms underlying advanced coagulation disturbances. Students examine atypical blood cell morphology, explore the progression of malignant and inherited hematologic conditions, and analyze how advanced hematology and hemostasis test results relate to underlying pathophysiology. Emphasis is placed on interpreting diagnostic patterns, recognizing indicators of complex hematologic dysfunction, and understanding the clinical relevance of advanced hematologic and hemostatic findings. Content builds on foundational hematology knowledge to strengthen higher‑level analytical reasoning. It may not be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142, and MLS 3311 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4318. Clinical Hematology and Hemostasis II.

This course provides advanced study of clinical hematology and hemostasis, integrating theoretical concepts with specialized laboratory procedures used to evaluate complex hematologic and hemostatic disorders. Students analyze abnormal cellular morphology, interpret advanced hematology and coagulation test results, and examine pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying malignant, congenital, and acquired conditions. Emphasis is placed on assessing analytical variables, applying quality control principles, and correlating laboratory findings with diagnostic patterns observed in advanced clinical practice. Content builds upon foundational hematology knowledge to strengthen higher‑level analytical reasoning and support accurate evaluation of complex hematologic presentations in clinical laboratory settings.

MLS 4319. Foundations of Diagnostic Microbiology I.

This course introduces non‑MLS majors to fundamental concepts in clinical bacteriology, emphasizing the characteristics, significance, and diagnostic relevance of common pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. Students explore the role of normal flora, basic mechanisms of bacterial infection, and the purpose of routinely ordered bacteriologic tests in healthcare settings. Content includes general principles of specimen considerations, culture interpretation, and commonly used biochemical and molecular methods at an introductory level. The course strengthens scientific literacy by providing a conceptual understanding of how bacteriology contributes to patient assessment and evaluation of infectious diseases. The course cannot be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 and [BIO 2400 or BIO 2440] all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4320. Diagnostic Microbiology I.

This course provides an in‑depth study of clinically significant bacteria, emphasizing their characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and relevance to human disease. Students examine normal flora, opportunistic organisms, and major bacterial pathogens while analyzing the principles underlying specimen evaluation and organism identification. Content includes cultural and biochemical characteristics, mechanisms of disease production, and the basis of commonly used biochemical and molecular diagnostic tests. Emphasis is placed on differentiating pathogens from commensals, interpreting bacteriologic findings, and understanding factors that influence diagnostic accuracy. The course establishes the theoretical foundation required for advanced microbiology coursework and supports accurate evaluation of bacterial infections in clinical laboratory practice. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 and [BIO 2400 or BIO 2440] all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4321. Directed Study in Medical Laboratory Science.

This course provides advanced directed study of a specialized topic or complex problem within Medical Laboratory Science. Students examine scientific principles at an advanced level, conduct in‑depth analysis of discipline‑specific literature, and apply theoretical frameworks to evaluate intricate issues in the field. Emphasis is placed on synthesizing information from diverse sources, interpreting detailed evidence, and developing advanced written work addressing the selected topic. Content varies by semester based on faculty expertise and student interests. The course supports comprehensive investigation and may be repeated for credit when topics vary.

MLS 4333. Bridge to Clinical Practice.

This course examines the professional, regulatory, and operational competencies required for effective participation in medical laboratory practice. Students analyze the role of laboratory personnel in maintaining accurate workflows by reviewing quality systems, regulatory expectations, and data security requirements. Content includes evaluation of scientific literature to support analytical decision‑making, examination of communication practices that influence laboratory operations, and study of technical concepts relevant to routine laboratory testing. Emphasis is placed on applying professional standards, analytical reasoning, and operational principles while performing selected entry‑level technical procedures that support safe, accurate, and compliant clinical and medical laboratory performance.

MLS 4340. Diagnostic Microbiology II.

This course is a study of medically important fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and selected advanced topics in clinical microbiology. Students examine the diagnostic characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and epidemiologic considerations of these organisms while evaluating laboratory methods for their detection and identification. Emphasis is placed on specialized staining, culture systems, immunologic and molecular assays, and the interpretation of diagnostic results. Content also includes automated microbial identification systems, data management considerations, and epidemiologic concepts relevant to infectious disease evaluation. The course builds on foundational microbiology knowledge and supports the development of analytical skills needed to accurately assess complex infectious agents in clinical laboratory practice.

MLS 4359. Foundations of Immunohematology.

This course provides non‑MLS majors with an introduction to fundamental concepts in immunohematology and transfusion medicine. Students explore the characteristics of major blood group systems, antibody formation, and the basic principles underlying compatibility testing and blood component selection. Emphasis is placed on understanding conditions associated with transfusion practice, including serologic patterns related to transfusion reactions and other immune‑mediated responses. Content supports the interpretation of routine blood bank information encountered in healthcare settings and strengthens students’ scientific literacy as they prepare for careers in allied health, biological sciences, or related fields. The course may not be applied toward the MLS major. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 and MLS 3320 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4360. Immunohematology.

This course provides an in‑depth study of immunohematology principles and their application in transfusion medicine. Students examine the genetics, biochemistry, and serologic characteristics of major blood group systems and analyze the formation and clinical significance of red cell antibodies. Emphasis is placed on antibody detection and identification, pretransfusion compatibility testing, donor qualification criteria, and the selection and use of blood components. Content also addresses conditions associated with transfusion practice, including serologic findings linked to transfusion reactions and other immune‑mediated responses. The course builds the theoretical foundation required for safe and effective blood bank practice in clinical laboratory settings and supports preparation for advanced laboratory applications. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1331 and BIO 1131 and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1342 and CHEM 1142 all with a grade of "C" or better.

MLS 4361. Medical Laboratory Research Methods.

This course introduces the principles of research design, data analysis, and scientific communication relevant to medical laboratory science. Students examine quantitative and qualitative approaches, hypothesis development, measurement concepts, and evaluation of published scientific studies. Content includes basic statistical techniques, interpretation of statistical output, and considerations of reliability and validity in laboratory‑based research. Emphasis is placed on developing a research proposal, analyzing data, and interpreting results within the context of medical laboratory methodologies. The course provides foundational preparation for understanding, evaluating, and communicating research in medical laboratory settings.

MLS 4370. Clinical Chemistry II.

This course provides advanced study in clinical chemistry, integrating theoretical principles with analytical laboratory methods used to evaluate endocrine function, lipid metabolism, metabolic disorders, pancreatic enzymes, and therapeutic drug levels. Students examine biochemical pathways, diagnostic markers, and disease associations related to metabolic syndrome, hormone regulation, digestion, and drug monitoring. Emphasis is placed on immunoassays, advanced instrumentation, analytical variables, and interpretation of complex chemistry results. Content reinforces the correlation of laboratory findings with physiological and pathological conditions and builds on foundational chemistry knowledge to prepare students for upper‑level diagnostic decision‑making in clinical laboratory practice.

MLS 4463. Clinical Practice I.

This course provides a structured clinical experience in which students observe, study, and apply foundational laboratory concepts in a clinical setting. Students gain exposure to routine workflows, specimen handling, quality practices, and selected diagnostic procedures across major areas of the laboratory. Emphasis is placed on correlating didactic theory with clinical application, evaluating specimen suitability, recognizing analytical considerations, and performing designated tests under supervision. Content includes performing routine maintenance activities, participating in quality practices as directed, and interpreting laboratory data in accordance with established criteria. The course supports the development of entry‑level competencies required for continued clinical training in subsequent practice courses.

MLS 4465. Clinical Practice II.

This course provides continued structured clinical experience designed to build upon the foundational competencies established in Clinical Practice I. Students engage in supervised activities across major areas of the clinical laboratory, applying theoretical knowledge to more advanced diagnostic procedures, specimen evaluation, and instrument operation. Emphasis is placed on interpreting laboratory data, identifying sources of analytical error, and performing routine maintenance in accordance with established protocols. Students participate in quality practices as directed and refine communication skills needed for interactions with laboratory personnel and other healthcare staff. Through supervised practice across core clinical areas, students gain the practical skills and analytical judgment necessary to meet entry‑level expectations and prepare for the national certification examination.