Agriculture (AG)

AG 1101. Basic Animal Science Laboratory.

This course introduces students to hands‑on skills and practical applications in animal science. Students will work directly with livestock species and are required to follow all occupational health, safety, and animal‑handling protocols. Through demonstrations and applied activities, the lab reinforces core concepts in genetics, animal management and handling, nutrition, reproduction, and the evaluation of domestic livestock and poultry. Designed as an entry‑level experience for science‑focused students, this laboratory provides the foundational skills and real‑world context necessary for further study in animal and agricultural sciences.

AG 1110. Careers in Agriculture.

This course is an introduction to careers available in the broad field of agriculture, including an overview of personal and career qualifications associated with workplace success. Students interact with guest speakers in the agriculture industry, including those from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), AgriLife Extension, governmental agencies, private sector organizations, and non-profits. Students examine career and internship pathways in agriculture, as well as resources and opportunities at Texas State University related to career development in the field.

AG 1301. Basic Animal Science.

This course introduces the major livestock and poultry industries in the United States. Students learn the foundations of animal breeding, genetics, nutrition, reproduction, management, and basic anatomy and physiology. The course also highlights practical aspects of animal husbandry and management, introducing students to real-world challenges faced by producers and the scientific approaches used to improve animal performance and welfare. Students develop a broad understanding of the structure and importance of U.S. animal agriculture and the scientific principles that support it. The course provides a historical overview of how domestic animals are raised and utilized in the modern agriculture industry and introduces concepts relevant to further study in animal and agricultural sciences.

AG 2101. Crop Science Laboratory.

This course introduces students to laboratory methods and applied topics in crop production. Laboratory exercises emphasize foundational principles related to crop physiology, plant structure and development, soil fertility, and nutrient management. Students examine insect and microbial pests affecting crop systems and explore basic soil properties and management practices that influence plant growth. Additional activities introduce fundamental concepts in crop breeding and genetics, including trait inheritance and selection. Hands-on experiences reinforce core concepts in crop science and support practical understanding of crop production systems.

AG 2275. Agricultural Safety.

This course covers the fundamentals of hazards, methods of injury prevention, safety education, regulations, and approaches to safety and health in the agriculture industry. Students identify potential industrial hazards and methods used to mitigate these hazards. The course introduces procedures for the safe handling and use of agricultural machinery and tools to reduce risk and prevent accidents. Students examine workplace safety organizations, regulations, and legislation relevant to agricultural systems, as well as concepts related to safety practices within organizations.

AG 2301. Crop Science.

This course introduces students to the structural morphology and physiology of major crop plants, including principles of genetics, plant breeding, and domestication. Topics include crop growth and development, production methods, and the influence of soil characteristics and environmental conditions on plant performance. Students examine management practices related to planting, harvest, storage, and utilization of cereal and feed grains, fiber crops, and forages. The course also addresses modern cropping systems and crops requiring specialized production technologies, emphasizing foundational principles that support efficient and sustainable crop production.

AG 2318. Anatomy and Physiology of Livestock and Poultry.

This course offers a foundational study of the major anatomical and physiological systems of livestock species, providing students with an understanding of how animals’ bodies are structured and how they function. Students explore the physiology of skeletal, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, urinary, respiratory, and nervous systems, emphasizing how these systems support growth, health, and productivity in livestock. The course also covers both gross anatomy and microanatomy of livestock and poultry. Students examine organ structure, tissue organization, and cellular function to understand how anatomical features relate to physiological processes. Prerequisite: AG 1301 or AG 1445 with a grade of a "C" or better.

AG 2373. Introduction to Agricultural Engineering.

This course is an introduction to a wide and varying range of concepts, principles, and applied technologies characteristic of agricultural engineering. Students gain foundational knowledge related to project design, cost estimation, agricultural structures, residential electricity, and multiple welding processes. Students also demonstrate safe laboratory practices while using basic hand tools, power tools, and equipment commonly found in agricultural engineering settings. The course also familiarizes students with internship and career pathways in agricultural engineering and related fields.

AG 2374. Metal Fabrication and Welding Technology for Agriculture.

This course covers the principles and practices of applied metallurgy and welding. Emphasis is given to the management of the technologies and techniques associated with oxy-fuel cutting, oxy-fuel welding, shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), and Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC). Students demonstrate techniques associated with cutting, bending, and fusing similar metals to fabricate projects found in the agricultural industry. Emphasis is placed on safety procedures outlined by state and federal regulations. Prerequisite: AG 2373 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 2379. General Horticulture.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of horticulture and its major sub-disciplines. Topics include principles of plant growth, plant propagation, crop production systems, landscape management, controlled environment production, and post-harvest handling of horticultural crops. Students are introduced to horticultural plant classification, basic management practices, and the economic importance of fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and nursery crops. The course also surveys career pathways and professional opportunities across public, private, and commercial sectors related to horticultural science and plant-based industries.

AG 2383. Introduction to Agricultural Economics.

This course provides an overview of the role of agriculture within the broader economy and introduces fundamental economic principles as they apply to agricultural production and agribusiness. The course examines basic concepts such as supply and demand, resource allocation, and decision-making within the agricultural firm. Students explore the structure and operation of agricultural marketing systems, including the movement of food and fiber from producers to consumers. Additional topics include the functional and institutional aspects of agricultural finance, international agricultural trade, and government farm programs. Emphasis is placed on understanding how economic forces influence agricultural markets, policies, and business decisions.

AG 2390. Computer Applications in Agriculture.

This course introduces students to computer technology and its practical applications in modern agricultural production, agribusiness, and related industries. The course covers fundamental concepts of computer systems, including the characteristics and functions of computer hardware and software. Students learn how computers are used to support agricultural decision-making, data management, and business operations. Topics include basic computer operations, data organization, spreadsheets, and software tools commonly used in agriculture. Emphasis is placed on accessing, managing, and applying digital information and computer technologies to improve efficiency, productivity, and management in agricultural enterprises and agribusiness services.

AG 3121. Holistic Range Management Laboratory.

This course provides hands-on field experience in rangeland management and assessment techniques. Students visit working ranches that implement conventional, adaptive, mob, and holistic grazing approaches to observe management practices across diverse production systems. Field activities include conducting range assessments focused on plant diversity, soil condition, forage availability, and livestock health indicators. Students gain practical experience using field monitoring tools and interpreting ecological data to evaluate rangeland performance. Emphasis is placed on applied decision-making and observational skills relevant to livestock and land management. Weekend field travel may be required. Corequisite: AG 3321 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 3300. Undergraduate Research in Agricultural Sciences.

This course introduces students to the principles and practices of scientific inquiry within agricultural disciplines. Students examine quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, experimental design, data collection procedures, and standards for data management. Emphasis is placed on statistical analysis, interpretation of research findings, and effective communication of results through written, oral, and visual formats. The course highlights ethical research practices and reproducibility of scientific studies while emphasizing applications relevant to agricultural systems. Students develop foundational skills necessary to evaluate scientific literature and participate in supervised research projects. Prerequisite: A minimum 3.0 Overall GPA and Instructor Approval.

AG 3301. Principles of Livestock Genetics.

This course introduces the fundamental principles of genetics and their application to animal breeding systems. Students explore Mendelian inheritance, the physical basis of gene expression, gene interactions, gene and allele frequencies, linkage, sex‑linked traits, and the genetic consequences of inbreeding. Emphasis is placed on how these concepts are used to develop and apply selection for livestock improvement. The course also examines perspectives in modern animal breeding, including quantitative genetic theory, population improvement strategies, and real‑world decision‑making used by breeders and geneticists. Students gain experience with applied genetics through the study of genetic testing technologies, genetic markers, marker‑assisted selection, and biotechnology tools that support advanced breeding programs. Prerequisite: AG 2318 and BIO 1130 and BIO 1330 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3302. Herbaceous Plant Materials.

This course examines the identification, selection, use, and management of herbaceous plant materials in landscape systems. Emphasis is placed on annuals, perennials, herbs, and ornamental grasses commonly used in residential and commercial settings. Students study plant characteristics, environmental requirements, and aesthetic considerations that influence landscape performance. Instruction includes irrigation practices, fertilization methods, pruning techniques, seasonal maintenance, and other cultural requirements. Laboratory activities reinforce lecture topics through hands-on plant identification, evaluation, and management exercises designed to develop practical skills in landscape plant selection and care.

AG 3304. Propagation of Horticultural Plants.

This course examines the principles and practices used in the propagation of horticultural plants, including ornamental species, vegetables, and fruits. Students study both sexual and asexual propagation methods such as seed germination, cuttings, grafting, layering, division, and propagation using bulbs, corms, and other vegetative structures. Emphasis is placed on understanding the physical, physiological, and environmental factors that influence successful plant establishment and growth. Laboratory activities provide hands-on experience with propagation techniques and reinforce concepts related to plant development, environmental control, and production efficiency.

AG 3305. Woody Plant Materials for Outdoor Landscapes.

This course focuses on the study and identification of woody plant materials used in outdoor landscape environments. Emphasis is placed on fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, and ground covers commonly incorporated into residential and managed landscapes. Students learn plant nomenclature, growth habits, environmental requirements, and aesthetic characteristics that influence plant selection and placement. Instruction includes principles of landscape use, site adaptation, maintenance considerations, and long-term management of woody species. Laboratory and field activities strengthen plant identification skills and provide practical experience in selecting appropriate woody plants for landscape development.

AG 3306. Flowers and Plants for Interior Design.

This course introduces students to the principles and practices of floral design and the use of plants in interior environments. Emphasis is placed on the elements and principles of design as applied to floral composition, including balance, proportion, color harmony, texture, and spatial arrangement. Students apply design concepts through hands-on laboratory projects using fresh and preserved floral materials. The course also examines interior foliage plants, including species selection, environmental requirements, maintenance practices, and aesthetic applications. Laboratory activities provide practical experience in floral arrangement and indoor plant care.

AG 3308. Organic Gardening.

This course introduces the principles and practices of gardening using organic production methods. Students examine soil preparation techniques, composting, and soil fertility management to support plant growth without synthetic inputs. Topics include selection and management of warm- and cool-season crops, plant propagation methods, crop rotation, and seasonal garden planning. Students also identify common weeds, insect pests, and plant diseases, along with non-chemical prevention and management strategies. Emphasis is placed on environmentally responsible practices that support soil quality, plant health, and sustainable garden productivity.

AG 3310. Agriculture Power and Machinery Technology.

This course covers the principles of 2-stroke and 4-stroke cycle engines, ignition systems, and combustion types, including fuel injection systems. Power, power transmission, and hydraulic systems are also addressed. Emphasis is placed on internal combustion engines, ignition systems, cylinder design, shaft orientation, and the use of small gas engines. Students follow standard safety practices while using tools to identify, analyze, and troubleshoot engine systems, including compression, fuel, governor, electrical, and lubrication systems. Prerequisites: AG 2373 with a grade of "C" or better and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 3314. Animal Health and Disease Control.

This course provides an introduction to immunology with a focus on its application in veterinary medicine and livestock health. Students explore how the immune system functions in domestic animals, how immunity develops, and how it responds to infectious agents. The course examines major livestock diseases both infectious and non‑infectious and emphasizes understanding symptoms, transmission routes, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches. Scientific principles of disease prevention, including vaccination, biosecurity, husbandry practices, and environmental management, are also covered. Students learn how veterinarians and livestock professionals integrate immunology, diagnostics, and treatment strategies to protect herd health and improve animal productivity. Prerequisite: AG 2318 and BIO 1330 and BIO 1130 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3317. Ranch and Farm Management.

This course introduces the economic and managerial principles used in the organization and operation of farm and ranch businesses. The course focuses on decision-making tools and techniques that assist managers in allocating land, labor, capital, and management resources efficiently. Students examine enterprise selection, budgeting, cost and return analysis, and strategies for improving profitability and long-term sustainability. Additional topics include farm record keeping, financial planning, risk management, and income tax considerations relevant to agricultural operations. Emphasis is placed on applying analytical methods to real-world farm and ranch management decisions and evaluating alternative production and investment strategies. Prerequisites: AG 2383 and AG 2390 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3318. Agricultural Business Management.

This course introduces the structure, organization, and management of agribusiness firms within the agricultural sector. The course examines the institutions and industries that support agricultural production, including feed suppliers, farm machinery and equipment manufacturers, agricultural chemical companies, financial institutions, and public and private agricultural service organizations. Students explore the roles and interactions of these institutions within the broader agribusiness system. Emphasis is placed on key management functions such as organizational behavior, financial management, marketing strategies, and human resource management. The course develops an understanding of managerial decision-making and operational practices necessary for effective management in modern agribusiness enterprises. Prerequisite: AG 2383 and AG 2390 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3319. International Food and Fiber Systems.

This course introduces global food and fiber systems from an international and comparative perspective. The course analyzes patterns of agricultural production, consumption, and distribution across different regions and economic systems. Students explore the causes of global food surpluses and shortages, including factors such as population growth, technological change, resource availability, and economic development. The role of international trade, policy, and institutions in addressing global food and agricultural challenges is also emphasized. Additional topics include global supply chains, food security, and the outlook for world food and fiber markets. The course highlights cultural, economic, and institutional differences that shape agricultural systems worldwide.

AG 3321. Holistic Range Management.

This course examines practical approaches to managing native pastures and rangelands for livestock production and ecosystem function. Topics include evaluation of range condition, measurement of forage availability, soil assessment, and interpretation of ecological indicators. Students study vegetation succession, plant physiological responses to grazing, and strategies for restoring overgrazed pastures. Additional instruction covers livestock distribution methods, range reseeding, brush management, and identification of poisonous plants. Emphasis is placed on integrating ecological principles with applied management decisions to support productive and sustainable rangeland systems. Prerequisite: AG 1301 or AG 1445 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 3325. Animal Nutrition.

This course examines the fundamental principles of animal nutrition and their application to livestock production systems. Topics include comparative digestive anatomy and physiology, nutrient digestion and absorption, metabolic functions of nutrients, and nutrient utilization for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and production. Emphasis is placed on determining animal nutrient requirements and assessing the relationship between nutrition, animal performance, and health. The course integrates biochemical and physiological concepts with practical feeding strategies used in contemporary animal production systems. Prerequisite: [AG 1301 or AG 1445] and BIO 1330 and CHEM 1341 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3330. Applied Wildlife Nutrition.

This course examines fundamental principles of nutrition for ruminant and non-ruminant wildlife species, with emphasis on species native to various regions across the world. Topics include digestive anatomy and physiology, nutrient digestion and metabolism, forage ecology, and natural feed resources available within diverse habitats. Students evaluate nutrient requirements across species and life stages and examine relationships among diet composition, habitat quality, and animal performance. Emphasis is placed on applying nutritional principles to wildlife management, conservation planning, and habitat assessment within managed and natural ecosystems. Prerequisite: [AG 1301 or AG 1445] and BIO 1330 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3331. Reproduction in Farm Animals.

This course provides study of the anatomy and physiology of reproductive systems in livestock species of economic importance. Students examine the structure and function of male and female reproductive organs, hormonal regulation of reproductive processes, and the biological mechanisms that control puberty, estrous cycles, fertilization, gestation, and parturition. Special attention is given to the causes of reproductive failure including infertility, embryonic loss, infectious diseases, environmental stressors, and management‑related factors and how these issues affect herd productivity and profitability. Students learn how reproductive disorders are diagnosed, prevented, and managed within modern livestock operations. The laboratory component provides experience in pregnancy detection methods, semen collection and evaluation, artificial insemination (AI) techniques, and the assessment of breeding records for decision‑making in herd management. Prerequisites: AG 2318 and [AG 3301 or BIO 2316 or BIO 2450] with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3341. Leadership Development in Agricultural Sciences.

This course examines foundational leadership concepts and theories relevant to agricultural careers in academia, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and the private sector. Emphasis is placed on leadership in individual and group contexts and on strategies associated with effective leadership practices. Students explore agricultural leadership through case studies, debates, workshops, and applied exercises. The course includes analysis of communication, teamwork, and critical thinking in leadership contexts, as well as reflection on leadership styles and professional development.

AG 3345. Livestock Selection and Evaluation.

This course provides in-depth study of the principles and practices used to evaluate and select livestock for performance. The course covers the major criteria used in judging beef cattle, sheep, swine, goats, rabbits, and poultry, emphasizing how anatomical structure, growth patterns, muscularity, reproductive traits, and breed characteristics influence animal value and suitability for different production systems. Students learn industry-accepted evaluation methods, including visual appraisal and performance data interpretation. The course highlights how selection decisions affect herd improvement, economic efficiency, and long-term genetic progress. Special attention is placed on the practical components of livestock exhibition and project management. Prerequisite: AG 1301 or AG 1445 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 3346. Equine Management.

This course offers an introduction to the anatomy, physiology, and management of domestic horses, emphasizing how biological systems influence overall health and performance. Students examine the foundations of equine nutrition and evaluate feeding programs tailored to an animal’s age, workload, and individual needs. The course also covers the identification and assessment of common diseases and injuries, along with strategies for preventative care and effective health management. Emphasis is placed on stable and facility design, including maintenance practices that support efficient operations. Throughout the semester, students apply key welfare principles and examine management approaches related to safety and quality of care within equine environments. Prerequisite: AG 1301 or AG 1445 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 3350. Intermediate Microeconomics and Agricultural Application.

This course provides an in-depth analysis of microeconomic theory and its application to agricultural and agribusiness decision-making. The course builds on fundamental economic principles to examine how consumers and producers make choices under conditions of scarcity and market constraints. Topics include consumer and producer theory, production and cost functions, market structure, and price determination in competitive and imperfectly competitive markets. Additional topics include game theory, labor and capital markets, decision-making under uncertainty and risk, and the economic analysis of externalities and public goods. Emphasis is placed on applying microeconomic tools to agricultural production, resource use, and policy-related issues. Prerequisite: AG 2383 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3351. Agricultural Marketing and Sales.

This course covers the structure and operation of the food and agricultural marketing system, including the marketing of farm inputs and the distribution of food products from producers to consumers. The course uses a functional systems approach to integrate agricultural input industries with food processing, distribution, and retailing activities. Emphasis is placed on the application of microeconomic principles to marketing decisions and the development of marketing management and sales skills relevant to agribusiness. Students analyze pricing, promotion, distribution strategies, and customer relations while critically evaluating issues affecting the marketing of agricultural inputs and final food products. Prerequisite: AG 2383 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3352. Quantitative Methods in Agricultural Economics.

This course introduces students to the principles and techniques used to collect, organize, and analyze data in agricultural and applied economic research. The course emphasizes the design of empirical studies, including problem formulation, sampling procedures, and questionnaire development for agricultural surveys. Students learn methods for tabulating and summarizing data, performing descriptive statistical analysis, and examining relationships among variables through correlation and basic predictive techniques. Additional topics include forecasting, hypothesis testing, and tests of statistical significance. Emphasis is also placed on the use of statistical software and spreadsheet tools to conduct data analysis and interpret results relevant to agricultural economics and agribusiness decision-making. Prerequisite: MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 3353. Agricultural Structures and Environment.

This course introduces principles and practices associated with structural components, material selection, construction methods, heat and moisture control, and environmental aspects of waste management systems. Course content focuses on the planning, design, and construction of agricultural structures, including storage facilities, greenhouses, and livestock shelters. Students create blueprints, estimate materials, and apply skills in carpentry, electrical wiring, and concrete work to build and maintain agricultural facilities. The course includes consideration of relevant safety standards, regulations, and codes. Prerequisites: AG 2373 with grade of "C" or better and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 3355. International Agricultural Trade.

This course explores the principles of international trade, including comparative advantage, gains from trade, and the role of global markets in allocating agricultural resources. Students analyze the effects of trade policies implemented by both exporting and importing nations, including tariffs, quotas, subsidies, and non-tariff barriers. Additional topics include exchange rates, global supply and demand dynamics, and multilateral trade negotiations. Emphasis is placed on applying economic principles and analytical techniques to understand international agricultural markets and evaluate the impacts of trade policies on producers, consumers, and agribusinesses. Prerequisite: AG 2383 and ECO 2315 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2328 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3367. Livestock Ultrasonography.

This course introduces students to the principles, applications, and emerging developments of ultrasound technology in the livestock industry. Emphasis is placed on understanding the components and functionality of ultrasound equipment and its use in reproductive and carcass evaluation. Students operate ultrasound equipment for pregnancy diagnosis, fetal aging, fetal sex determination, and measurement of carcass traits such as ribeye area, intramuscular fat, and rump fat in live animals. The course also addresses the technological foundations of ultrasound systems and interpretation of ultrasound data for reproductive and carcass assessment. Laboratory activities provide hands-on experience with ultrasound applications in livestock management. Prerequisite: AG 1301 or AG 1445 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 3375. Management of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment.

This course examines the phases of equipment use in agricultural production and processing. Emphasis is placed on management and decision-making principles related to the selection, operation, repair, maintenance, and replacement of machinery and equipment. Students explore the roles of machinery performance, power performance, and operator performance in determining output. Additional topics include identification and troubleshooting of systems used in agricultural machinery and equipment. Prerequisites: AG 2373 with grade of "C" or better and CHEM 1341 and CHEM 1141 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3381. Beef Cattle Production.

This course provides practical training in beef cattle production, focusing on identifying management challenges across all sectors of the industry. Students gain hands-on experience in animal evaluation, reproductive technologies, herd health planning, biosecurity, and low-stress handling consistent with Beef Quality Assurance guidelines. Emphasis is placed on nutrition, marketing strategies, production decision-making, and the use of modern technologies such as pregnancy diagnostics, tagging systems, and digital record keeping. The course includes experiential learning activities related to beef cattle management practices. Prerequisite: [AG 1301 and AG 1101] or AG 1445 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3382. Meat and Muscle Biology.

This course introduces students to the fundamentals of meat science, including the identification of wholesale and retail cuts of beef, pork, and lamb. Students explore how muscle biology, fat development, and connective tissue influence meat quality, and learn the basic principles of carcass fabrication, processing, and grading. The course also examines pre‑ and post‑mortem factors affecting meat yield, composition, and consumer perception, along with the technologies, regulations, and market forces shaping the modern meat industry. Prerequisite: [AG 1301 or AG 1445] and BIO 1330 and CHEM 1341 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3391. Livestock Behavior and Welfare.

This course introduces foundational principles of livestock behavior and their applications to animal management systems. Topics include behavioral patterns of major livestock species, animal perception and learning, and responses to environmental and human interactions. Students examine low-stress animal handling techniques and evaluate factors that influence animal welfare, including housing, transport, and management practices. The physiological stress response and its implications for animal health, productivity, and handling outcomes are emphasized. The course integrates behavioral science with practical livestock management strategies to support safe handling and responsible animal care practices. Prerequisite: [AG 1301 or AG 1445] and BIO 1330 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 3426. Soil Pedology, Physics, and Chemistry.

This course introduces students to the fundamental principles of soil science, with emphasis on soil formation, classification, and landscape relationships. Topics include the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and the processes that influence soil structure, texture, water movement, nutrient dynamics, and mineral composition. Students examine soil genesis and the factors affecting soil development over time. The course provides foundational knowledge necessary for understanding soil management, land use, and the role of soils in agricultural and natural resource systems. Prerequisites: [(AG 2301 and AG 2101) or AG 2379] and [AG 1301 or AG 1445] with grades of "C" or better and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1341 and BIO 1330 with grades of "D" or better.

AG 3427. Soil Fertility, Health, and Regenerative Practices.

This course examines principles of soil fertility, soil health, and soil management within agricultural and natural resource systems. Topics include nutrient cycling, soil-plant relationships, organic matter dynamics, and the biological, chemical, and physical indicators used to assess soil condition. Students evaluate soil amendment strategies, nutrient management approaches, and practices associated with regenerative agricultural systems. Emphasis is placed on the role of soils in ecological processes, environmental stewardship, and long-term productivity. The course integrates scientific principles with applied management considerations relevant to crop and land management systems. Prerequisite: AG 3426 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 3429. Integrated Pest Management.

This course examines the principles and practices of pest management within agricultural systems, with primary emphasis on insect pests. Topics include pest identification, life cycles, population dynamics, phenology, and crop–pest interactions. Students evaluate monitoring techniques, economic thresholds, biological control, chemical control, and cultural management strategies used in both conventional and regenerative production systems. Emphasis is placed on pollinator protection and the role of natural enemies in pest suppression. Laboratory activities include insect identification and development of a curated insect collection to strengthen applied diagnostic skills. Prerequisite:[AG 2301 or AG 2379 or AG 1301 or AG 1445] with a grade of "C" or better and BIO 1130 and BIO 1330 with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4113. Summer Programs in Agricultural Education.

This course provides field experience in summer agricultural education programming in secondary school settings. Students receive individualized instruction during supervised visits while engaged in field experiences. The course includes program planning and instruction for diverse student populations. Students attend the Texas FFA Convention to observe sessions and planning activities related to student engagement and supervision in inter-curricular experiences. Students also attend the state agricultural teachers association conference to participate in meetings, professional development sessions, and interactions with mentor teachers related to professional practices in agricultural education. Prerequisite: AG 4212 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 4185. Independent Study.

This course provides advanced undergraduate study in topics of individual interest within agricultural sciences. Under faculty supervision, students engage in research, applied, or review projects. Activities may include literature analysis, data collection, experimental design, or applied problem-solving. The course emphasizes critical thinking, independent learning, and scholarly communication. Students complete a final project or report related to the chosen topic that reflects integration of relevant knowledge and skills. Prerequisite: Instructor approval and a minimum 3.0 Texas State GPA.

AG 4212. Program Building.

This course focuses on program and curriculum development in career and technical education within agricultural education settings. Topics include program and curriculum goals and objectives, implementation processes, and evaluation methods. The course also addresses Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) program development and supervision at the local, county, and state levels. Students examine FFA advisement, financial planning, and program management. Additional emphasis is placed on planning, conducting, and evaluating Career Development Events and Leadership Development Events.

AG 4300. Greenhouse and Nursery Management.

This course examines the planning, design, and management of greenhouse and nursery production systems for commercial and residential applications. Students study greenhouse structures, environmental control systems, and nursery layout considerations that influence plant production efficiency. Emphasis is placed on physical, biological, and economic factors affecting crop growth in controlled environments and field nursery operations. Topics include propagation systems, irrigation and fertility management, pest control, labor organization, inventory management, and marketing strategies. Instruction integrates technical and managerial practices used in greenhouse and nursery plant production systems.

AG 4302. Fruit and Vegetable Crop Production.

This course examines factors influencing the production of fruit and vegetable crops in field and controlled environments. Students study the selection of rootstocks and varieties, soil preparation, planting and transplanting techniques, irrigation systems, fertilization practices, and pruning methods. Emphasis is placed on integrated management of insects, diseases, nematodes, and weeds using appropriate cultural and chemical practices. Additional topics include harvesting methods, post-harvest handling, storage, marketing considerations, and greenhouse production systems for selected vegetable crops. Instruction integrates biological, environmental, and management principles necessary for efficient crop production. Prerequisite: AG 2301 or AG 2379 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 4304. Landscape Management.

This course introduces students to professional practices and techniques used in landscape construction and management. Emphasis is placed on the scientific and technical principles underlying landscape installation, maintenance, and site management. Topics include landscape planning, soil preparation, plant installation methods, irrigation systems, turf management, pruning practices, fertilization, pest management, and equipment use. Students also examine project scheduling, safety considerations, and long-term maintenance strategies for residential and commercial landscapes. Instruction integrates applied skills with foundational horticultural knowledge necessary for effective landscape management and outdoor environments.

AG 4305. Landscape Design.

This course introduces students to the principles and practices of landscape design, integrating artistic and scientific approaches to create functional and aesthetically pleasing outdoor environments. Students learn design elements such as line, form, color, texture, and scale, as well as design principles including balance, proportion, and unity. Emphasis is placed on site analysis, client needs assessment, and environmental considerations to inform design decisions. Students develop skills in planning, drafting, and presenting landscape plans using sketches, drawings, and digital tools, with opportunities to critique and refine designs based on practical and aesthetic criteria.

AG 4307. Professional Development in Agriculture.

This course serves as a capstone experience providing agriculture majors with a critical analysis and assessment of the agricultural industry in the United States. Emphasis is placed on professional development needed to begin a career in agriculture; career opportunities in regional, national, and global agriculture; and building and maintaining professional networks. Students deliver presentations that demonstrate professional competencies and the development of skills necessary for a career in agricultural and related fields.

AG 4310. Agricultural Internship.

This course provides students with supervised, professional experience in an agricultural career setting, integrating academic knowledge with practical application. Students gain exposure to industry practices, operational procedures, and professional responsibilities. The internship emphasizes observation, hands-on engagement, problem-solving, and critical analysis of workplace operations. Students apply discipline-specific knowledge, develop professional competencies, and reflect on their experiences to enhance career readiness. The course provides structured guidance for connecting academic learning with real-world agricultural practice, preparing students for entry into professional roles within the field. Prerequisite: Instructor Approval and a 3.0 Overall GPA.

AG 4311. Instructional Methods for Career and Technology Educators.

This course focuses on instructional techniques, strategies, and methods for teaching career and technology subjects. Emphasis is placed on instructional planning, age-appropriate teaching, organizing and evaluating learning activities, lesson preparation, and diagnosing learner differences. The course also addresses ethical and legal aspects of teaching, including instruction for diverse populations and changing educational environments. Students examine student engagement strategies and evaluation techniques used in secondary schools, with application to career and technical education settings.

AG 4321. Reproductive Management in Farm Animals.

This course provides students with an advanced understanding of reproductive physiology and its application to the management of livestock and poultry. Emphasis is placed on developing practical reproductive management strategies that improve herd and flock productivity. Topics include estrous cycle control, reproductive technologies, seasonal and nutritional impacts on fertility, and the integration of modern reproductive tools used in contemporary animal production systems. Students apply scientific principles to design effective and sustainable reproductive programs for livestock and poultry operations. Prerequisite: AG 3331 with a grade of a "C" or better.

AG 4324. AgroEcology and Integrated Agriculture.

This course explores ecological principles as they apply to agricultural production systems. Students examine agroecosystem structure and function, nutrient and energy flows, biodiversity, and system interactions. Topics include diversified production systems, integrated crop–livestock systems, resource use efficiency, and risk management within agricultural enterprises. The course evaluates approaches to agricultural sustainability, system resilience, and adaptive management across varying scales of production, including small and mid-sized operations. Emphasis is placed on applying ecological concepts to the design and management of integrated agricultural systems. Prerequisite: AG 3427 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 4325. Feeds and Feeding.

This course examines feedstuffs commonly used in livestock production and the application of nutrient principles to feeding management across species. Topics include classification and evaluation of feed ingredients, nutrient composition, digestibility, and factors affecting feed quality and storage. Students study nutrient requirements of major livestock species and methods for balancing rations to support growth, reproduction, and production. The course also addresses feeding strategies, delivery systems, and regulatory frameworks governing feed manufacturing and use. Emphasis is placed on integrating nutritional science with practical feeding programs used in U.S. livestock systems. Prerequisites: AG 3325 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 4326. Advanced Animal Science of Ruminants.

This course examines scientific and technological developments influencing ruminant animal production systems. Students study advances in management practices, health programs, nutrition strategies, genetic improvement, and physiological performance of various ruminant species with a focus on beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep, and goats. Emphasis is placed on integrating biological principles with production technologies to improve efficiency, product quality, and operational sustainability. Additional topics include reproductive management, disease prevention, performance evaluation, and marketing considerations within ruminant systems. Prerequisite: AG 2318 and AG 3325 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 4328. Advanced Animal Science of Non-ruminants.

This course examines scientific and technological developments influencing non-ruminant animal production systems in the United States. Students study advances in management practices, health programs, nutrition strategies, genetic improvement, and physiological performance of swine, poultry, and other monogastric species. Emphasis is placed on integrating biological principles with production technologies to improve efficiency, economic viability, product quality, and operational sustainability. Additional topics include reproductive management, disease prevention, performance evaluation, housing systems, and marketing considerations within non-ruminant systems. Prerequisite: AG 2318 and AG 3325 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 4330. Food Technology: Processing Meats.

This course examines the evaluation, grading, and processing of meat from major livestock species, including beef, pork, lamb, and poultry. Students evaluate carcass characteristics, wholesale and retail cuts, and meat quality assessment techniques characteristic of U.S. food production systems. The course emphasizes quality control procedures and laboratory testing of processed meat products, including frozen, cured, fried, pickled, and canned items. Students gain hands-on experience with standard industry practices and explore principles of food safety, preservation, and product consistency. Prerequisites: AG 3382 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 4331. Disaster Preparedness and Management in Agriculture.

This course examines planning, response, and mitigation strategies for disasters that impact domestic and global agricultural systems. Students analyze historical events, including natural and human-caused disasters, to understand their effects on crop production, livestock, supply chains, and food security. Emphasis is placed on risk assessment, emergency response planning, and the development of actionable disaster preparedness strategies for agricultural operations. Students learn to integrate mitigation techniques, resource management, and operational continuity planning to reduce impacts on productivity, ecosystem function, and agricultural livelihoods.

AG 4343. Organization and Management for Laboratory Programs.

This course examines instructional programs involving laboratory equipment and facilities. Topics include curriculum design, teaching methods, and equipment and facility management practices, including safety, tool management, inventory control, security, and facility layout planning. The course also addresses theories in leadership development, the organization of youth groups in secondary school systems, and cooperative extension. Students develop standard operating procedures, policies, and laboratory management strategies for working with novice learners in applied, hands-on environments.

AG 4355. Precision Applications in Land Management.

This course examines engineering practices used in land surveying, including differential profile leveling and construction surveys. Topics include the use of dumpy levels, laser levels, transits, total stations, and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The course also introduces fundamental components of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), including sensors, platforms, operational concepts, data collection principles, and data processing software in agricultural settings. Legal frameworks governing UAS operation in the United States are also addressed. Prerequisite: [MATH 1315 or MATH 1317 or MATH 1319] with a grade of "D" or better and AG 2373 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 4361. Agriculture Electric and Mechanical Systems.

This course develops an understanding of electrical terms, safety procedures, and cost considerations related to electricity and electrical systems. The course also applies electrical wiring, controls, and motors through testing, selection, and wiring of electrical devices. Students measure electrical amperage, voltage, and wattage through the use of electrical testing equipment. Students also learn safety protocols for electrical and mechanical systems and install complete electrical circuits, including lights, switches, and receptacles, that meet National Electric Code requirements. Prerequisite: AG 2373 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 4371T. International Horticulture.

This course provides students with an international perspective on horticulture through immersive study. Students explore the historical and contemporary contributions of international horticulture, including ornamental horticulture, landscape design, fruit and vegetable production, and vineyards and hops cultivation. Instruction integrates lectures, field trips, and hands-on experiences, supplemented by an introduction to the history and culture of specific regions to provide context for horticultural practices. Emphasis is placed on comparing international techniques with U.S. practices, examining global perspectives, and analyzing cultural and environmental influences on horticultural systems.

AG 4371V. Green Revolution & Agricultural Development in Asia.

This course covers the economic, social, and technological dimensions of the Green Revolution and its role in agricultural development across Asia. Topics include the diffusion of high-yield crop varieties, input use, productivity growth, food security, rural livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. Students analyze policy frameworks, institutional changes, and market dynamics that shaped agricultural transformation in the region. Emphasis is placed on evaluating the long-term impacts of technological change on poverty reduction, income distribution, and sustainable agricultural development.

AG 4371Y. Field Experiences in Regenerative Agriculture.

This course provides experiential, field-based instruction in agricultural practices designed to support soil function and ecosystem performance within crop production systems. Students engage in activities that examine agroecological assessment methods and technologies used to evaluate soil condition, biodiversity, water dynamics, nutrient cycling, and energy balance. Emphasis is placed on measuring system performance and applying management practices that influence productivity and resource efficiency. Field exercises introduce approaches associated with regenerative agricultural systems, including strategies related to system resilience, circular resource use, and farm-level economic sustainability. Prerequisite: [AG 2301 or AG 2379] and AG 3426 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 4372. Pasture and Range Plants.

This course emphasizes identification and classification of pasture and rangeland plant species. Students study plant morphology and anatomy as they relate to grasses, forbs, and other common range species. Instruction includes use of dichotomous keys and diagnostic characteristics for field and laboratory identification. Students develop a curated plant specimen collection and practice standard herbarium preservation techniques. The course also examines plant–environment relationships, including soil associations, grazing response, forage value, and palatability, as well as identification and management considerations related to invasive and non-native species. Prerequisite: [AG 2301 or AG 2379 or AG 1301 or AG 1445] and BIO 1330 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 4375. Senior Design in Agricultural Mechanics.

This course covers the application of technical and non-technical skills and general knowledge of agricultural mechanics using a multidisciplinary, team-based approach. Students solve real-world problems related to product and process development in agricultural mechanics. Topics include systematic product development, business planning, project management, cost estimation, documentation and presentation, prototyping, fabrication, and concurrent development. Students work with clients to plan, design, and fabricate projects that meet specified needs while maintaining a budget and managing production timelines. Prerequisite: AG 2374 and AG 3353 and AG 4361 with grades of "C" or better.

AG 4379. Agriculture Irrigation Technology.

This course provides an overview of the principles associated with water management practices for maintaining soil productivity and examining the influence of water management on environmental quality. Emphasis is placed on the selection and layout of irrigation and drainage systems, waste management systems, and associated environmental impacts. Students explore center pivot, subsurface, and landscape irrigation systems, including their selection, operation, and management. Topics include drive systems, water application methods, chemigation, and pump selection. The course also introduces the basic principles of electricity and safe practices for wiring and troubleshooting electrical systems used in irrigation. Prerequisite: AG 2373 with a grade of "C" or better.

AG 4380. Agricultural Finance.

This course introduces fundamental financial principles and decision-making tools used by farm managers and agribusiness professionals. The course focuses on financial problems commonly faced in agricultural businesses, including acquiring and managing capital, evaluating investment opportunities, and maintaining financial stability. Topics include financial statement analysis, budgeting, financial planning and control, capital budgeting, and investment evaluation. Additional emphasis is placed on capital structure decisions, liquidity management, risk management, and the role of financial institutions and markets in agriculture. Students develop skills to assess financial performance and make informed financial decisions within the agricultural and agribusiness sectors. Prerequisite: ACC 2361 and AG 2383 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4381. Agricultural Policy.

This course covers government programs and public policies that influence the production, marketing, and distribution of agricultural products. The course focuses on the identification and economic analysis of major agricultural policies affecting farmers, consumers, and agribusiness firms. Students explore the objectives, development, and impacts of policies such as farm support programs, price and income stabilization measures, conservation initiatives, and trade policies. Emphasis is placed on applying economic principles to evaluate alternative policy options and their effects on agricultural markets, resource use, and rural communities. This course includes opportunities to develop analytical and communication skills through policy analysis. Prerequisite: AG 2383 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4382. Agricultural Price Analysis.

This course focuses on the forces that influence agricultural price movements and behavior, including consumer and producer theory, and market demand and supply with their associated determinants. The course also covers commodity futures and their use by agribusiness firms to reduce price risk. An explanation of simple and multiple regression is introduced to help the student understand empirical estimation of commodity demand and supply relationships, and reduced-form, price-dependent equations that offer insight into price-making forces. Price determination under alternative market structures is also reviewed and expanded. Prerequisite: AG 3350 and AG 3352 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4383. Agricultural Resource Economics.

This course focuses on the economic principles and institutional factors influencing the allocation and management of agricultural and natural resources. The course introduces economic concepts related to the use of resources such as land, water, air, energy, and space in agricultural production systems. Emphasis is placed on resource scarcity, conservation, and the environmental interactions associated with agricultural activities. Students explore topics including property rights, externalities, environmental policy, and sustainable resource management. The course also evaluates economic approaches to balancing agricultural productivity with environmental protection and long-term sustainability of natural resources. Prerequisite: AG 2383 and [MATH 1315 or MATH 1319 or MATH 1329 or MATH 2321 or MATH 2417 or MATH 2471] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4385. Data Science and its Application in Agriculture.

This course provides an introduction to data science with emphasis on applications in agriculture. Students analyze large datasets using probabilistic modeling and statistical inference. The course covers the selection and application of statistical and econometric methods to extract information for decision-making in agricultural contexts. Students use software such as Excel, R, and Python to conduct data analysis and present results. Emphasis is placed on applying analytical techniques to agricultural data and interpreting results within applied settings. Prerequisite: AG 2390 and AG 3352 with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4390. Global Agriculture.

This course examines the structure and dynamics of agricultural industries and markets around the world. Students analyze global patterns in agricultural production, marketing systems, and international trade, with attention to the economic forces shaping food and fiber systems. Students explore how culture, history, geography, and institutional environments influence agricultural production and management practices across different regions. Additional topics include comparative agricultural systems, natural resource endowments, global supply chains, and the role of national and international agricultural policies. The course also evaluates countries’ competitive strategies in global markets and the implications for food security and agricultural development.

AG 4391. Agro-Climatology.

This course examines climatic processes and their influence on agricultural systems. Topics include atmospheric composition, energy balance, precipitation patterns, and the hydrologic cycle, with emphasis on water availability and surface hydrology. Students evaluate historical and projected climate variability and its implications for crop and livestock production. Additional topics include atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor dynamics, agricultural water resource management, and policy considerations affecting production systems. The course also explores geographic shifts in crop suitability and agricultural adaptation strategies in response to changing climatic conditions. Prerequisite: GEO 1305 and GEO 1105 and AG 3427 with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4401. Genetics and Breeding for Crop Selection.

This course explores the principles of crop genetics and traditional breeding methods used to improve plant performance. Topics include phenology, genotype–phenotype relationships, heritability, and epigenetic influences on trait expression. Students examine selection strategies, trait evaluation, and methods for developing improved crop varieties. Laboratory exercises provide hands-on experience with genetic analysis, trait measurement, and breeding techniques, reinforcing theoretical concepts. The course emphasizes applying genetic principles to real-world crop improvement programs, enabling students to design and evaluate selection strategies that enhance crop productivity, resilience, and adaptation to environmental conditions. Prerequisites: [AG 1301 or AG 1445] and [[AG 2301 and 2101] or AG 2379] with grades of "C" or better and [BIO 1130 and BIO 1330 and CHEM 1141 and CHEM 1341] with grades of "D" or better.

AG 4402. Soil and Crop Mycology.

This course examines the roles of mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems and their influence on crop nutrition, soil health, and ecological processes. Topics include the biology and ecology of endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae, interactions with plant pathology, soil aggregation, and mineral cycling, and the contribution of fungi to sustainable and regenerative crop production systems. Laboratory exercises focus on fungal identification, morphology, and inoculation of crop roots to evaluate functional relationships. The course integrates theoretical and practical approaches to understand how fungal communities support soil and crop productivity within managed agricultural systems. Prerequisite: AG 3427 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 4403. Crop Physiology.

This course examines the physiological and morphological responses of crop plants to both normal and adverse growth conditions. Students explore mechanisms underlying plant growth, development, and productivity, with emphasis on responses to environmental stressors such as drought, flooding, temperature extremes, and variable growing degree days. Additional topics include the effects of nutrient limitations, soil conditions, and disease on crop performance. The course integrates concepts from plant physiology, biochemistry, and ecology to evaluate how environmental and management factors influence crop growth, resilience, and yield, providing a foundation for improved production and adaptive management strategies. Prerequisite: AG 3427 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 4404. Rhizosphere Ecology.

This course examines the ecology and functioning of the rhizosphere, the soil region directly influenced by plant roots. Topics include rhizophagy, microbial root colonization, root exudates, carbon cycling, allelochemistry, plant–plant signaling, and nutrient transfer between soil microbes and crops. Students explore root growth and elongation responses to the presence or absence of microbial communities. The course integrates current research and laboratory findings to understand how interactions among roots, microbes, and soil influence plant health, nutrient acquisition, and productivity. Prerequisite: AG 3427 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 4408. Range Synecology.

This course examines the interactions among range plant species and their influence on ecosystem structure and function. Topics include plant competition, allelochemistry, kairomone and phytotoxin signaling, and woody plant encroachment. Students explore principles of resilience, succession, climax communities, and ecosystem recovery following disturbance. The course emphasizes range recovery strategies, the provision of ecosystem services, and the effects of plant interactions on livestock production and management. Students evaluate ecological relationships and their practical implications for sustainable rangeland management, integrating concepts from plant ecology, soil science, and applied agriculture. Prerequisite: AG 3427 with a grade of "D" or better.

AG 4681. Student Teaching in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources 6-12.

This course allows students to apply knowledge and skills learned during the teacher preparation program while engaging in clinical practice with experienced Agricultural Education mentor teachers in school settings with university instruction and supervision. Students engage in all three components of the total agricultural education program including classroom instruction, FFA supervision, and Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) engagement. Students are also engaged in activities that an Agricultural Education teacher is responsible for including professional development and teacher inservice. This culmination experience is required for Texas teacher certification. Prerequisite: Minimum 2.75 Overall GPA and instructor approval.

AG 5100. Professional Development.

This course introduces graduate students to essential concepts and practices for effective college-level teaching and professional growth in the agricultural sciences. The course provides structured preparation for teaching and instructional assistants, emphasizing instructional planning, classroom management, student engagement, and assessment of learning outcomes. Participants receive regular in-service training and mentorship designed to support their instructional responsibilities. The course also includes periodic evaluations of teaching performance and opportunities for feedback and reflection. This course ultimately supports the development of effective, responsible, and reflective educators.

AG 5101. Research Experience.

This course provides students with an opportunity to engage in focused, independent research within their area of study. Students explore emergent topics that arise from initial investigations, allowing for the development of novel questions, experimental approaches, and analytical strategies. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, experimental design, data collection, interpretation of findings, and dissemination of scientific outcomes. Students integrate literature, theory, methodology, and communication to produce meaningful research outcomes that advance their field of study.

AG 5113. Summer Programs in Agricultural Education.

This course provides students with field experiences in summer agricultural education programming within secondary school settings. Students receive individualized instruction during supervised visits while they are engaged in their field experience. The course includes program planning and educating diverse student learning populations. Students attend the Texas FFA Convention where they explore sessions, attend planning sessions, and develop strategies for engaging and supervising secondary students in a summer inter-curricular experience. Students also attend the state agricultural teachers association conference where they attend area meetings, participate in professional development sessions, and work directly with mentor teachers to develop professional engagement strategies. Prerequisite: AG 5212 with a grade of C or better.

AG 5120. Aquaponic Internship.

This course provides graduate students with hands-on experience in aquaponic production systems. Students complete 64 hours of supervised internship at an aquaponic facility, gaining practical skills in system design, operation, and maintenance. Emphasis is placed on integrating aquaculture and hydroponic principles to optimize plant and fish productivity while maintaining water quality and system health. Students engage in daily management tasks, monitoring environmental and biological parameters, and applying problem-solving strategies to real-world operational challenges. The internship prepares students to apply technical knowledge and professional competencies in sustainable food production systems.

AG 5199B. Thesis B.

This course provides graduate students with structured enrollment while actively completing their thesis research and writing. Students continue to develop, conduct, and analyze original research under faculty supervision until the thesis is finalized and submitted for binding. Emphasis is placed on independent scholarly work, critical evaluation of results, and application of research methods appropriate to the student’s discipline. Students are expected to demonstrate steady progress, adhere to academic and ethical standards, and prepare a professional-quality thesis document.

AG 5212. Program Building.

This course focuses on program and curriculum development in career and technical education within agricultural education settings. Students determine program and curriculum goals and objectives, implement programs, and evaluate curriculum. The course also addresses Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) program development and supervision of SAE projects at the local, county, and state levels. Students explore FFA advisement, financial planning, and program management. Additional emphasis is placed on planning, conducting, and evaluating Career Development Events and Leadership Development Events.

AG 5299B. Thesis B.

This course provides graduate students with structured enrollment while actively completing their thesis research and writing. Students continue to develop, conduct, and analyze original research under faculty supervision until the thesis is finalized and submitted for binding. Emphasis is placed on independent scholarly work, critical evaluation of results, and application of research methods appropriate to the student’s discipline. Students are expected to demonstrate steady progress, adhere to academic and ethical standards, and prepare a professional-quality thesis document.

AG 5300. Applied Statistics and Econometrics for Agriculture.

This course introduces statistical and econometric methods used to analyze agricultural and applied economic data. Emphasis is placed on data analysis, modeling techniques, and statistical inference relevant to agricultural production, markets, and policy evaluation. Students learn fundamental statistical tools used in agricultural research, including probability distributions, sampling methods, principles of estimation, and hypothesis testing. General linear models, multiple regression analysis, and qualitative response models are also covered. Emphasis is placed on interpreting empirical results and applying quantitative methods to real-world agricultural problems using agricultural datasets and analytical software.

AG 5301. Agricultural Development and Policy.

This course covers contemporary issues shaping agricultural systems in the United States and globally. It integrates agricultural policy analysis, natural resource development, welfare economics, and applied economic tools to evaluate food and rural development challenges. Emphasis is placed on the design, implementation, and impacts of public policies affecting producers, consumers, and rural communities. Topics include integrated agricultural and rural development strategies, food and nutrition security, commodity market dynamics, farm programs, and domestic and international trade policy. Students develop analytical skills to assess policy alternatives and their economic and social implications.

AG 5302. Economics of Agricultural Production.

This course covers economic theory and quantitative analysis of agricultural production processes. Topics include traditional neo-classical theory of the firm, duality theory, resource allocation, production selection, scale of operation of agricultural firms, and risk and uncertainty associated with agricultural production. Students apply optimization techniques and econometric methods to evaluate input allocation, profit maximization, and resource use in agricultural systems. Emphasis is placed on linking production theory to real-world farm management and policy issues through empirical applications and data analysis.

AG 5303. Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis.

This course covers marketing systems and price formation in agricultural and food markets. Topics include supply and demand analysis, market structure, price discovery, elasticity, marketing margins, futures markets, and risk management tools. Students apply quantitative methods to analyze commodity price behavior and evaluate marketing strategies for agricultural producers and agribusiness firms, as well as market legislation and market development. Emphasis is placed on interpreting market data, assessing policy impacts, and developing evidence-based marketing and pricing decisions in domestic and global agricultural markets.

AG 5304. Economics of Sustainable Natural Resource Management.

This course covers the economic principles and quantitative methods used to analyze natural resource management and environmental issues. Topics include resource scarcity, externalities, renewable and nonrenewable resource allocation, intertemporal optimization, market failure, and policy instruments such as taxes, subsidies, and tradable permits. Methods of environmental evaluation are introduced. Students apply economic theory and empirical tools to assess resource management strategies and evaluate policy approaches in terms of efficiency, equity, and long-term environmental outcomes.

AG 5310. Research Methods in Integrated Agricultural Sciences.

This course introduces students to research methodologies and analytical approaches used in integrated agricultural sciences. Topics include experimental design, development of conceptual models, survey and data collection instruments, and techniques for analyzing and synthesizing scientific literature. Students learn to plan and execute research projects with rigor, including hypothesis formulation, statistical and qualitative data analysis, and interpretation of results. Emphasis is placed on applying these methods to interdisciplinary agricultural research questions, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and scholarly communication in both applied and theoretical contexts.

AG 5311. Instructional Methods for Career and Technology Educators.

This course focuses on instructional techniques, strategies, and methods appropriate to the effective teaching of career and technology subjects including application in the areas of instructional planning, age appropriate teaching, organizing and evaluating learning activities, lesson preparation, diagnosis of learner differences, and the ethical and legal aspects of teaching. Teaching special populations and in changing environments will also be covered. Emphasis will be placed on student engagement strategies and student evaluation techniques used in secondary schools.

AG 5320. Integrated Agricultural Production in Aquaponic Systems.

This course examines integrated crop and fish production in aquaponic systems, emphasizing sustainable and efficient management practices. Students explore water quality monitoring, nutrient cycling, pest and disease management, and system design considerations to optimize plant and animal growth. Economic, marketing, and operational aspects of aquaponic enterprises are addressed. The course compares aquaponic production to soil-based cropping, hydroponics, and traditional aquaculture, highlighting the interactions between fish, crops, and microbial communities. Students gain theoretical and applied knowledge for managing integrated systems that balance productivity, sustainability, and resource efficiency.

AG 5323. Composting and Integrated Resource Management.

This course provides students with both theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in the production, management, and utilization of composts, vermicomposts, and other organic amendments. Topics include the design and operation of composting systems, nutrient cycling, waste reduction, product quality assessment, and strategies for marketing compost-related products. The course also addresses broader non-renewable natural resource concerns, including practices related to soil, water, and energy use in agricultural systems. Laboratory and field experiences complement lecture material to develop practical skills in organic resource management and environmental production practices.

AG 5324. Agroecology and Integrated Agriculture.

This course explores ecological principles as they apply to agricultural production systems. Students examine agroecosystem structure and function, nutrient and energy flows, biodiversity, and system interactions. Topics include diversified production systems, integrated crop–livestock systems, resource use efficiency, and risk management within agricultural enterprises. The course evaluates approaches to agricultural sustainability, system resilience, and adaptive management across varying scales of production, including small and mid-sized operations. Emphasis is placed on applying ecological concepts to the design and management of integrated agricultural systems.

AG 5326. Advanced Animal Science of Ruminants.

This course examines scientific and technological developments influencing ruminant animal production systems. Students study advances in management practices, health programs, nutrition strategies, genetic improvement, and physiological performance of various ruminant species with a focus on beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep, and goats. Emphasis is placed on integrating biological principles with production technologies to improve efficiency, product quality, and operational sustainability. Additional topics include reproductive management, disease prevention, performance evaluation, and marketing considerations within ruminant systems.

AG 5343. Organization & Management for Laboratory Programs.

This course focuses on instructional programs involving laboratory equipment and facilities. Curriculum, teaching methods, equipment, and facility management practices including various aspects of safety, tool management, inventory, and security are emphasized along with facilities layout planning. Emphasis will be placed on theories in leadership development, the organization of youth groups in secondary school systems, and cooperative extension. Students develop standard operating procedures, policies, and laboratory management strategies when working with novice learners in an applied, hands-on environment.

AG 5350. Foundations of Ethics and Leadership in Agriculture.

This course examines ethics and leadership principles in agricultural contexts, with emphasis on their application in professional settings. Topics include ethical frameworks, leadership theory, and decision-making processes within agricultural systems. Students analyze ethical considerations in agricultural practices and evaluate leadership approaches in a range of professional scenarios. The course also addresses communication and teamwork in the context of ethical issues, including analysis of differing perspectives on emerging agricultural topics.

AG 5351. Grant Development and Management.

This course provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to identify and secure external funding for agricultural research, teaching, and extension initiatives. Topics include locating funding opportunities, understanding agency priorities, and developing competitive proposals that may involve multi-, cross-, and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Students learn to create comprehensive grant applications, including objectives, budgets, timelines, and evaluation plans. Emphasis is placed on proposal writing, project implementation strategies, and assessment of outcomes. The course prepares students to develop professionally credible, fundable projects that meet the expectations of funding agencies and advance agricultural science initiatives.

AG 5352. Program Development and Evaluation.

This course covers the development and evaluation of agricultural science programs within educational and outreach contexts, including school systems and extension programs. Topics include program planning, design, implementation, evaluation, and accountability across agricultural disciplines. Students conduct and report research by applying educational processes, research methods, data analysis, and statistical techniques to communicate findings to diverse audiences.

AG 5354. Instructional Design in Agricultural Education.

This course covers principles and practices in developing curricula for agricultural education. Topics include the influence of social and technological change on curriculum planning and implementation in agricultural sciences. The course examines instructional design models from both pedagogical and andragogical perspectives. It also introduces theories and models used to design print-based, web-based, and multimedia instructional materials. Students develop evaluation strategies to assess instructional effectiveness in a variety of educational settings.

AG 5355. Methods of Technological Change.

This course examines the dynamics of social change and social networks as a framework for understanding technological change in agriculture. Topics include methods for planning and implementing change, analysis of impacts on agricultural systems and industries, and approaches for anticipating change outcomes. The course also addresses the diffusion of innovation, communication processes, and the role of interdisciplinary knowledge in agricultural innovation systems.

AG 5360. Advancements in Animal Science.

This course provides a comprehensive survey of contemporary knowledge, concepts, and innovations in animal production. Students examine current research and practical applications in breeding, feeding, health management, and reproductive technologies across livestock species. Emphasis is placed on evaluating economic considerations, industry challenges, and production problems affecting efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. Students integrate scientific principles with emerging technologies to understand their impact on modern livestock enterprises. The course encourages critical analysis of recent literature, problem-solving approaches, and strategic decision-making to address contemporary issues in animal production systems.

AG 5361. Food Technology and Meat Science.

This course provides a comprehensive examination of meat science and food technology in the context of modern livestock production. Students explore the science of muscle biology, meat processing, preservation, and safety, along with the evaluation of wholesale and retail cuts of beef, pork, lamb, and poultry. Product types include fresh, cooked, smoked, grilled, and pickled items. Emphasis is placed on laboratory instrumentation, analytical techniques, and quality assessment. Students also investigate consumer preferences, product presentation, and economic considerations, integrating scientific principles with applied production, processing, and market-based decision-making.

AG 5362. Advanced Animal Science: Minerals and Vitamins in Animal Nutrition.

This course provides an advanced study of mineral and vitamin nutrition in livestock, including ruminant and non-ruminant species. Students examine absorption, metabolism, and physiological functions of essential vitamins and minerals, as well as species-specific requirements and interactions. Emphasis is placed on predicting animal performance, health, and productivity based on nutrient utilization. Students integrate current research with practical applications, including diet formulation, supplementation strategies, and evaluation of nutritional interventions in relation to growth, reproduction, and production efficiency in livestock systems.

AG 5363. Animal Molecular Genetics.

This course introduces the molecular biology that governs genetic variation and gene function in livestock. Students examine epigenetic and molecular genetics alongside modern genomic technologies, including microarrays, digital PCR, transcriptomics, and next-generation sequencing. Applications focus on identifying genes and genetic markers associated with economically important traits, pregnancy, and reproductive performance. Genomic selection, cloning, epigenetics, transgenics, and the design of trials used to link genetic variation to livestock productivity are also covered. Emphasis is placed on practical tools and biological concepts that support genetic improvement in animal agriculture.

AG 5364. Biology of Reproduction in Farm Animals.

This course provides an advanced exploration of reproductive processes in animal agriculture, emphasizing the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that regulate fertility in livestock and poultry. Students examine molecular principles underlying reproductive function, including gene expression, hormone signaling, and endocrine regulation involved in gametogenesis, estrous cycles, fertilization, pregnancy, and parturition. The course also covers reproductive physiology in livestock, including endocrinology and neuroendocrinology, with attention to current scientific literature in the field.

AG 5365. The Role of Animal Science in Society: An Integrated Approach.

This course explores the complex and evolving relationship between animals, humans, and society through an integrated, multidisciplinary lens. Students examine the historical development of domesticated animals and their influence on human civilization, cultural practices, and global food systems. The course examines the roles of animal agriculture in economic systems, environmental contexts, and community livelihoods, while also addressing ethical, policy, and social debates that shape modern animal production. Through analysis of emerging technologies, public perceptions, and the impact of legislation and industry standards, students examine issues related to animal welfare, sustainability, food systems, and global trade.

AG 5370. Special Problems in Technical Agriculture.

This course allows graduate students to pursue individualized, advanced projects in technical aspects of agricultural sciences. Projects are selected in consultation with faculty to align with each student’s research interests, professional goals, or emerging topics in agriculture. Students may engage in research, applied problem-solving, technical evaluations, or literature-based investigations. Emphasis is placed on independent learning, critical thinking, and practical application of discipline-specific knowledge. Students are expected to produce a final report or project demonstrating mastery of the selected topic and the ability to synthesize and communicate technical information effectively.

AG 5372. Agricultural Electricity and Mechanical Systems.

This course develops an understanding of electrical terms, safety procedures, and cost considerations related to electricity and electrical systems. The application of electrical wiring, controls, and motors through testing, selection, and wiring of electrical devices will be studied. Students measure electrical amperage, voltage, and wattage through the use of electrical testing equipment. Students also learn safety protocols for electrical and mechanical systems and install complete electrical circuits including lights, switches, and receptacles that meet National Electric Code requirements.

AG 5390. Foundational Studies in Agriculture.

This course provides graduate students with foundational knowledge and skills to support advanced agricultural coursework. Content is tailored to meet the academic preparation of individual students and may include basic principles of crop and animal sciences, soil science, agricultural economics, or research methods. The course focuses on developing conceptual and practical understanding of key agricultural topics, problem-solving, and application of core principles. The course is repeatable up to 9 credit hours with different emphasis but does not count toward graduate degree requirements and serves as preparation for subsequent graduate-level courses.

AG 5391. Agro-Climatology.

This course examines climatic processes and their influence on agricultural systems. Topics include atmospheric composition, energy balance, precipitation patterns, and the hydrologic cycle, with emphasis on water availability and surface hydrology. Students evaluate historical and projected climate variability and its implications for crop and livestock production. Additional topics include atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor dynamics, agricultural water resource management, and policy considerations affecting production systems. The course also explores geographic shifts in crop suitability and agricultural adaptation strategies in response to changing climatic conditions.

AG 5398. Professional Paper.

This course provides non-thesis graduate students the opportunity to produce a professional paper of publishable quality in an area of agricultural sciences. Students conduct in-depth literature reviews, synthesize relevant research, and develop original arguments or analyses. Emphasis is placed on scientific writing, critical thinking, data interpretation, and adherence to publication standards. Students are expected to produce a polished manuscript suitable for submission to a peer-reviewed journal or professional venue, demonstrating the student’s ability to communicate complex agricultural concepts effectively and professionally. Prerequisite: Instructor approval.

AG 5399A. Thesis A.

This course represents the initial enrollment for graduate students beginning their thesis in Integrated Agricultural Sciences. Students develop a comprehensive research proposal, conduct original investigations, and begin data collection under the guidance of a faculty advisor. Emphasis is placed on identifying research questions, applying research methodologies, critically analyzing data, and adhering to ethical and professional standards in scholarship. Students are expected to plan, execute, and document their research effectively, setting the foundation for subsequent thesis completion.

AG 5399B. Thesis B.

This course provides graduate students with structured enrollment while actively completing their thesis research and writing. Students continue to develop, conduct, and analyze original research under faculty supervision until the thesis is finalized and submitted for binding. Emphasis is placed on independent scholarly work, critical evaluation of results, and application of research methods appropriate to the student’s discipline. Students are expected to demonstrate steady progress, adhere to academic and ethical standards, and prepare a professional-quality thesis document.

AG 5402. Soil and Crop Mycology.

This course examines the roles of mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems and their influence on crop nutrition, soil health, and ecological processes. Topics include the biology and ecology of endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae, interactions with plant pathology, soil aggregation, and mineral cycling, and the contribution of fungi to crop production systems described as sustainable or regenerative. Laboratory exercises focus on fungal identification, morphology, and inoculation of crop roots to evaluate functional relationships. The course integrates theoretical and practical approaches to understand how fungal communities support soil and crop productivity within managed agricultural systems.

AG 5403. Crop Physiology.

This course examines the physiological and morphological responses of crop plants to both normal and adverse growth conditions. Students explore mechanisms underlying plant growth, development, and productivity, with emphasis on responses to environmental stressors such as drought, flooding, temperature extremes, and variable growing degree days. Additional topics include the effects of nutrient limitations, soil conditions, and disease on crop performance. The course integrates concepts from plant physiology, biochemistry, and ecology to evaluate how environmental and management factors influence crop growth, resilience, and yield.

AG 5404. Rhizosphere Ecology.

This course examines the ecology and functioning of the rhizosphere, the soil region directly influenced by plant roots. Topics include rhizophagy, microbial root colonization, root exudates, carbon cycling, allelochemistry, plant–plant signaling, and nutrient transfer between soil microbes and crops. Students explore root growth and elongation responses to the presence or absence of microbial communities. The course integrates current research and laboratory findings to understand how interactions among roots, microbes, and soil influence plant health, nutrient acquisition, and productivity.

AG 5408. Range Synecology.

This course examines the interactions among range plant species and their influence on ecosystem structure and function. Topics include plant competition, allelochemistry, kairomone and phytotoxin signaling, and woody plant encroachment. Students explore principles of resilience, succession, climax communities, and ecosystem recovery following disturbance. The course examines range recovery approaches, ecosystem services, and the effects of plant interactions on livestock production and management. Students evaluate ecological relationships and their implications for rangeland systems, integrating concepts from plant ecology, soil science, and applied agriculture.

AG 5426. Soil Health and Development.

This course examines fundamental processes governing soil health and soil development within agricultural and natural resource systems. Topics include pedogenesis, mineral composition, soil physical properties, biological activity, and ecosystem functions influencing soil performance over time. Students evaluate the effects of tillage, land management, and environmental conditions on soil structure, nutrient cycling, and long-term productivity. The course integrates soil physics, chemistry, and biology to analyze soil function and sustainability. Students develop analytical skills for interpreting soil processes and evaluating management approaches in soil systems.

AG 5599B. Thesis B.

This course provides graduate students with structured enrollment while actively completing their thesis research and writing. Students continue to develop, conduct, and analyze original research under faculty supervision until the thesis is finalized and submitted for binding. Emphasis is placed on independent scholarly work, critical evaluation of results, and application of research methods appropriate to the student’s discipline. Students are expected to demonstrate steady progress, adhere to academic and ethical standards, and prepare a professional-quality thesis document.

AG 5999B. Thesis B.

This course provides graduate students with structured enrollment while actively completing their thesis research and writing. Students continue to develop, conduct, and analyze original research under faculty supervision until the thesis is finalized and submitted for binding. Emphasis is placed on independent scholarly work, critical evaluation of results, and application of research methods appropriate to the student’s discipline. Students are expected to demonstrate steady progress, adhere to academic and ethical standards, and prepare a professional-quality thesis document.